Куда делся праздник 7 ноября

А некоторые вообще уверены, что знаменательный день у них украли

07 ноября 2022, 06:43, ИА Амител

Фото: amic.ru

Сначала подлинные исторические события замалчивают, потом ретушируют, затем, полностью переписывают, и… Вуаля! Родились сказки о викингах, гладиаторах, империи Чингиз-Хана, Великой октябрьской социалистической революции, и т.п.

В деталях, механизм фальсификаций отличается, но общие принципы неизменны. Даже стилистика, подозрительно не меняется, словно всё это вышло из под пера одного шекспира-пушкина. Но тогда этот писатель настящий проторип Дункана Макклауда, горца — бессмертного.

А давайте-ка разберёмся со сказкой про «народное восстание», направленное против «опостылевшего царизма». Ведь только что, мы стали свидетелями абсолютной копии этого «восстания», когда ливийский народ, якобы возмутился тем, что живёт в стране развитого социализма, и променял бесплатные жильё, образование и медобслуживание на «демократию».

ч.I

Для осмысления некоторых вещей требуются годы. Например мне потребовалось лет десять, чтобы понять о чём писал Гребенщков в песне про мандариновую траву. До тех пор, пока не переживёшь подобный опыт, «мандариновая трава» будет просто нелепым, бессмысленным словосочетанием.

Второй пример. Когда то Алла Пугачёва, когда ещё была певицей, исполнила песню на стихи О. Мандельштама, и называлась она «политкорректно» в условиях советского государства, «Ленинград». Я много раз вслушивался в слова песни, но смысл её так и остался где-то там, за кормой. Прошли годы, и всё встало на свои места, всё стало ясно как божий день! Это же скрытое послание, понять его в силах только тот, кто хотя бы смутно догадывается о том, что на самом деле происходило в Петрограде, во время «бескровной революции».

Петроград

Я вернулся в мой город,знакомый до слёз,

До прожилок, до детских припухлых желёз.

Ты вернулся сюда, так глотай же скорей

Рыбий жир петроградских речных фонарей,

Узнавай же скорее декабрьский денёк,

Где к зловещему дёгтю подмешан желток.

Петербург! Я ещё не хочу умирать!

У тебя телефонов моих номера.

Петербург! У меня ещё есть адреса,

По которым найду мертвецов голоса́.

Я на лестнице чёрной живу, и в висок

Ударяет мне вырванный с мясом звонок,

И всю ночь напролёт жду гостей дорогих,

Шевеля кандалами цепочек дверных.

<декабрь 1930>

Вы прочли это сейчас, и у вас засвербило что-то в душе, верно? Резанули некторые слова и строчки после моего вступления? Зародились подозрения?

Вот и у меня появилось убеждение в том, что теперь мне всё ясно…

Раньше, меня переполняли лишь смутные предчувтвия, догадки, тяжёлые мысли, которые старался гнать от себя, чтоб не «накручивать», не забивать голову «мусором». Однако разроненные сведения и факты, всплывали по всюду, словно знаки.

Когда то, в разном возрасте, в разных местах, бывшего теперь СССР, я сталкивался со свидетельствами, поражающими своей беспрецедентной дикостью. Полученные сведения противоречили всему, что мне было известно ранее, и я невольно ставил под сомнение правдивость рассказов, но откладывал их в уме. Словно чувствовал, что однажды они потебуются для того, чтоб собрать, разрозненные осколки, в единую мозаику.

Мне со школьной скамьи было известно словосочетание «красный террор», но разве мог я осознать, что эти слова значили на самом деле? Первый шок я испытал после прочтения хроник революционных событий в Харькове, Киеве Одессе и Херсоне. Кровь в жилах стыла, когда я читал о том, как большевики убивали всех, кто по их мнению не имел пролетарского происхождения. Обычно, для массовых казней использовали публичные здания повышенной вместительности, такие как театры, например.

Так в Харьковском драмтеатре за два дня было убито несколько тысяч офицеров только за то, что они были офицерами. Убивали на сцене, тела сбрасывали в оркестровую яму, где раненых добивали лопатами. Трупы, из переполненной ямы, вывозили на грузовике за город, и сваливали где то в овраге.

Убивали всех, женщин, детей, стариков, только за одну принадлежность к купечеству, духовенству, дворянству или государственной, или муниципальной службе. От пожарных до депутатов. И членов их семей, потому, что велась классовая борьба, которая не подразумеала в «светлом будущем» места для тех, ьчих отцов зверски казнили. Пролетариат прекрасно осознавал, что для того, чтоб не потерять отвоёванное в будущем, у экспроприированного имущества не должно оказаться наследников — претендентов, в принципе. А для этого, необходимо было тотально зачистить бывших собственников имущества, которое принадлежало пролетариату теперь, по законам «революционного рвемени».

Убийцы не просто старались, они получали наслаждение от своей работы! Они прибегали к изощрённыи пыткам, которые не могут придти в голову нормальному человеку. Нормальный человек, пусть и подлец, просто избавляется от препядствия, вынужденно, не испытывая удовольствия от убийства. Но это творили нелюди. На такое способны только внеземные чудовища.

Для того, чтоб понимать смысл слов, нобходимо подкреплять их визуальными образами, чтоб это не было пустым звуком. Уж простите, но придётся это посмотреть:

01

Расленённый обгоревший труп замученного, во дворе Херсонской ЧК

02

Трупы неизвестных в Херсонской ЧК, со следами пыток.

03

Трупы заложников со следами пыток. Херсон.

04

Кожа, снятая с рук жертв Харьковской ЧК.

05

Кожа, содранная с человека, в Херсонской ГУБЧК,

06

Погибшие от пыток в Харьковском ГУБЧК

07

Харьков. Трупы замученных женщин-заложниц.

Вторая слева — С. Иванова, владелица мелочного магазина.

Третья слева — А.И. Карольская, жена полковника.

Четвертая — Л. Хлопкова, помещица.

У всех заживо взрезаны и вылущены груди, половые органы обожжены и в них найдены уголья

08

Харьков. Тело заложника поручика Боброва, которому палачи отрезали язык, отрубили кисти рук и сняли кожу вдоль левой ноги

Харьков, двор чрезвычайки.

Труп заложника И. Пономаренко, бывшего телеграфиста.

Правая рука обрублена. Поперек груди несколько глубоких надрезов.На заднем плане еще два трупа

Труп заложника Ильи Сидоренко,

владельца модного магазина в городе Сумы. У убитого переломаны руки, сломаны ребра, взрезаны половые органы. Замучен в Харькове

11

Станция Снегиревка, под Харьковом. Труп замученной женщины. На теле не было найдено одежды.

Голова и плечи были отрублены

12

Харьков. Трупы убитых, сваленные в телегу

13

Харьков. Трупы замученных в ЧК

14

Двор харьковской губчека (Садовая улица, 5) с трупами казненных

15

Харьков. Фотография головы архимандрита Родиона, Спассовский монастырь, оскальпированный большевиками

16

Раскопки одной из братских могил у здания харьковской ЧК

17

Хуторяне И. Афанасюк и С. Прокопович, заживо оскальпированные. У ближнего, И. Афанасюка, на теле следы ожогов раскаленной шашки

18

Тела трех рабочих-заложников с бастовавшего завода. У среднего, А. Иваненко, выжжены глаза, отрезаны губы и нос. У других — отрублены кисти рук

19

Тела четырех крестьян-заложников (Бондаренко, Плохих, Левенец и Сидорчук). Лица покойников страшно изрезаны.

Особым изуверским способом изуродованы половые органы. Производящие экспертизу врачи высказали мнение,

что такой прием должен быть известен только китайским палачам и по степени болезненности превышает всё доступное человеческому воображению

20

Слева труп заложника С. Михайлова, приказчика гастрономического магазина, видимо, зарубленного шашкой.

Посередине тело засеченного насмерть шомполами, с перебитой нижней частью спины, учителя Петренко.

Справа труп Агапова, с вывороченными ранее описанной пыткой половыми органами

21

Труп 17–18-летнего юноши, с вырубленным боком и изувеченным лицом

22

Сибирь. Енисейская губерния. Офицер Иванов, замученный под пытками

23

Сибирь. Енисейская губерния. Трупы замученных жертв большевистского террора. В советской энциклопедии

«Гражданская война и военная интервенция в СССР» (М., 1983, с. 264) эта фотография, в несколько ином ракурсе, дана как образец «жертв колчаковщины» в Сибири в 1919 году

24

Доктор Беляев, чех. Зверски убит в Верхнеудинске. На фотографии видны отрубленная кисть руки и изуродованное лицо

25

Енисейск. Пленный казачий офицер, зверски убитый красными (сожжены ноги, руки и голова)

Одесса. Перезахоронение жертв из братских могил, раскопанных после ухода большевиков

Полагаю всем понятно, теперь, откуда взлись «миллионы жертв сталинского режима»? Недобитые руководители красного террора просто списали на Сталина собственные преступления, это же ясно как божий день! Они утопили страну в море крови, а когда Иосиф Виссарионович прекратил эту вакханалию, и наказал самых ярых садистов, извращенцев, вампиров, осатаневших от крови и безнаказанности, подняли дикий вой на весь мир, что их незаконно репрессировали! Старый метод, когда вор, чтоб сбежать с места преступления, кричит: — «Держи вора»!

Вот что такое красная армия, красный террор, и классовая борьба. Руководителей и организаторов мы знаем поимённо, вот к примеру, список Центрального апарата НКВД, который возвглавлял Н.И.Ежов.

Эйхманс Ф.И. — начальник ГУЛАГа (то есть офицер, непосредственно руководивший репрессиями);

Агранов Я.С. — начальник Главного управления Госбезопасности НКВД СССР(о его делах сказано выше);

Фельдман В.Д. — особо уполномоченный при Коллегии НКВД;

Ткалун П.П. — комендант Московского Кремля;

Слуцкий А.А. — начальник Иностранного отдела Главного управления Госбезопасности НКВД СССР;

Дейг Я.А. — начальник Секретариата НКВД;

Леплевский И.М. — начальник Особого отдела Главного управления Госбезопасности НКВД СССР;

Радзивиловский А.П. — начальник 3 отдела 3 Управления НКВД СССР;

Берман Б.Д. — начальник 3 Управления НКВД;

Рейхман Л.И. — начальник 7 отдела 3 Управления НКВД СССР;

Шнеерсон М.Б. — начальник Центрального Торгового управления НКВД СССР;

Пассов З.И. — начальник 5 отдела 1 Управления НКВД СССР;

Даган И.Я. — начальник 1 отдела Главного управления НКВД СССР;

Шапиро Е.И. начальник 9 отдела Главного управления Госбезопасности НКВД СССР;

Плинер И.И. — начальник Переселенческого отдела НКВД СССР;

Берман М.Д. — (очевидно, брат предыдущего Бермана Б.Д.) — заместитель Наркома внутренних дел СССР;

Вейншток Я.М. — начальник отдела кадров НКВД СССР;

Залпетер А.К. — начальник 2 отдела Главного управления Госбезопасности НКВД СССР;

Коган Л.И. ответственный сотрудник ГУЛАГа НКВД СССР;

Николаев — Журид Н.Г. — начальник оперативного отдела Главного управления Госбезопасности СССР;

Цесарский В.Е. — ответственный секретарь Особого Совещания при НКВД СССР (органа по вынесению приговоров по политическим делам в составе 3 членов ОСО);

Стацевич Г.М. — начальник отдела кадров НКВД СССР;

Ульмер В.А. — оперативный секретарь Главного управления Госбезопасности НКВД СССР.

У кого есть ум, тому пояснения излишни. Но их процент в стране был ничтожен, как же они смогли устроить такую массовую бойню в огромной стране? Легко, если иметь под рукой послушных боевых роботов — гопников. Об этом — ниже, а пока… Ещё одно потрясающее стихотворение:

Петроградцы.

Сентябрь 2000 года. Городская Пыль.

Читать продолжение

На протяжении нескольких десятилетий советские люди отмечали победу в Великой Октябрьской социалистической революции

МОСКВА, 7 ноября, ФедералПресс. Сегодня исполняется 105 лет со времени, когда большевики в ходе вооруженного восстания свергли Временное правительство и взамен установили советскую власть. На протяжении нескольких десятилетий советские люди отмечали победу в Великой Октябрьской социалистической революции демонстрациями и военными парадами, семейными застольями и походами в гости. Почему для граждан РФ 7 ноября ближе, чем остальные праздники, в каких странах его продолжают отмечать и почему забывают в России – в материале «ФедералПресс».

Что отмечали 7 ноября

Сейчас 7 ноября в России является памятной датой – День Октябрьской революции 1917 года. В охваченном революционными настроениями Петрограде (сейчас – Санкт-Петербург) большевиками было свергнуто Временное правительство, и провозглашена власть Советов рабочих и солдатских депутатов. Уже на следующий день – 8 ноября – на Втором Всероссийском съезде Советов рабочих и солдатских депутатов, был принят Декрет о мире, Декрет об отмене смертной казни и Декрет о земле. Изменился государственно-политический, идеологический и общественно-экономический строй страны. На территории бывшей империи образовалось государство, которое в 1922 году получило официальное название Союз Советских Социалистических Республик.

10 фактов о празднике

• На Красной площади в честь праздника проходили военные парады, первый из которых относится к 7 ноября 1918 года. 2 декабря 1918 года Всероссийский центральный исполнительный комитет (ВЦИК) принял Кодекс законов о труде, где 7 ноября значился выходным днем и назывался Днем Пролетарской Революции.
• В 1923 году смертельно больной вождь революции Владимир Ленин на праздновании Октябрьской революции уже не мог присутствовать лично. Вместо него вынуждены были поставить гипсовую скульптуру.
• В период руководства страной Иосифом Сталиным окончательно оформился праздничный канон: демонстрация трудящихся, появление вождей на трибуне Мавзолея и военный парад на Красной площади. Жители страны получили два дополнительных выходных дня: к 7 ноября прибавился еще один – 8 ноября.
• В 1941 году было самое знаменитое военное шествие на Красной площади. Тогда немецкие войска подошли вплотную к Москве. Сталин выступал с пламенной речью, многие красноармейцы сразу после парада отправлялись на фронт.
• Ровно в десятую годовщину Сталин официально ввел термин «Великая Октябрьская Социалистическая Революция».
• Все тяжелые фронтовые годы парад на Красной площади был неизменной частью празднования 7 ноября. Отказались от него лишь однажды – в 1945 году, когда наши войска вели активное наступление.
• С 1946 по 1990 год парад в честь Дня Октябрьской революции и демонстрация трудящихся обязательно входили в программу праздника. Постепенно к официальным торжествам добавился «народный ритуал»: утреннее семейное застолье, походы в гости и просмотр трансляции парада. Ни к революции, ни к государственному пафосу этот ритуал отношения не имел.
• Годовщинам Октябрьской революции в СССР посвящались различные крупные достижения, например, поход ледокола «Арктика» на Северный полюс 1977 года (к 60-летию Октября).
• История праздника Октября закончилась вместе с историей СССР. Вначале был отменен выходной 8 ноября, затем своим указом от 7 ноября 1996 года президент РФ Борис Ельцин дал празднику новое название – День согласия и примирения. Новое название вызывало у россиян недоумение и отторжение: с чем мы должны согласиться и примериться? А спустя 8 лет глава государства Владимир Путин сделал 7 ноября Днем воинской славы России – Днем проведения военного парада на Красной площади в городе Москве в ознаменование годовщины Великой Октябрьской социалистической революции.
• В 2005 году 7 ноября перестал быть выходным. На смену ему пришел праздник 4 ноября – День народного единства.

Почему для россиян дорог «старый праздник»

Как считает адвокат Дмитрий Аграновский, 7 ноября как праздник близок для всех людей старшего поколения. Он был также естественен, как слово Родина в букваре или русская природа во всей ее красоте.

«Было абсолютно ясное ощущение, что наша страна самая лучшая, самая главная – не в силу превосходства, а потому, что она несла свет, освобождение и прогресс всему миру, – пишет Аргановский в авторской колонке «Московского комсомольца». – Наша страна была огромной, сильной, яркой, ведь красный цвет сам по себе может оживить что угодно, но вместе с тем очень человечной и в хорошем смысле слова простой. Мы смотрели парад и гордились своей страной. Демонстрации были настолько многолюдными, что я всегда поражался, как много в наших городах живет людей».

Где 7 ноября празднуют до сих пор

До сих пор День Октябрьской революции празднуется в Белоруссии, где этот праздник активно продвигается государственными СМИ. Там праздник официально был восстановлен в 1995 году. На государственном уровне отмечают праздник в непризнанном Приднестровье.

Еще пять лет назад День Октябрьской революции был официальным праздником в Киргизии. Затем президент Алмазбек Атамбаев подписал Указ, которым объявил 7 и 8 ноября как День истории и памяти предков.

Фото: ФедералПресс/Екатерина Лазарева

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

День Великой Октябрьской социалистической революции Day of the Great October Socialist Revolution
October Revolution Day in 1977
Observed by	Soviet Union  Bulgaria  Cuba  Czechoslovakia  East Germany  Hungary  Mongolia  Poland  Romania  Vietnam  Ethiopia
Type	National Day
Celebrations	Flag hoisting, parades, fireworks, award ceremonies, singing patriotic songs and the national anthem, speeches by the CPSU General Secretary, entertainment and cultural programs
Date	7 November
Next time	7 November 2023
Frequency	annual
Related to	Great October Socialist Revolution

October Revolution Day (officially Day of the Great October Socialist Revolution, Russian: День Великой Октябрьской социалистической революции) was a public holiday in the Soviet Union and other Soviet-aligned states, officially observed on November 7 from 1927 to 1990,^[1] commemorating the 1917 October Revolution.

For Soviet families, it was a holiday tradition to partake in a shared morning meal, and to watch the October Revolution Parade broadcast on Soviet Central Television.^[1]

A holiday canon was established during the Stalinist period, and included a workers’ demonstration, the appearance of leaders on the podium of the Mausoleum, and, finally, the military parade on Red Square, which was held unfailingly every year, and most famously in 1941, as the Axis forces were advancing on Moscow.^[2]

October Revolution Day, which had been the main holiday of the year and received most of its traditions during the Stalinist period, gradually became less popular in the 1970s, falling behind the Victory Day and New Year celebrations as personal and family holidays.^[2]

Soviet observances[edit]

Civil-military parade[edit]

History[edit]

The first military parade took place on 7 November 1919 on the second anniversary of the revolution. The Russian civil war lasted until 1923. The parade in 1941 is particularly revered as it took place during the Battle of Moscow, during which many of the soldiers on the parade would be killed in action. In 1953, the parade took place as the first one to not be inspected by officers on horseback.^[3] The practice of foreign leaders began in 1957 with Mao Zedong attending that year’s parade as part of a state visit, continuing throughout the next two decades with Ethiopian leader Mengistu Haile Mariam’s attendance in 1980 and the leaders of Warsaw Pact and USSR-allied nations in 1967, 1977 and 1987. The 1989 parade was the first to have a drill routine by the massed bands take place. During the final parade in 1990, an assassination attempt was made on the life of President Mikhail Gorbachev by Alexander Shmonov, a locksmith from Leningrad. The two bullets he fired missed as he was tackled to the ground by crowds of demonstrators.^[4] The only time that a Soviet leader never attended a parade was in 1983 when Yuri Andropov did not attend the parade due to a sickness and his associate Konstantin Chernenko stood in for him.^[5]

Description of the parade[edit]

The most important event of the holiday is the national military parade and demonstrations on Moscow’s Red Square, with members of the Politburo and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union acting as the guests of honor. The celebrations begin at 9:50 am Moscow Standard Time with the arrival honors for the commander of the parade, who is greeted by the commandant of the Frunze Military Academy (now the Combined Arms Academy of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation) usually a general officer, and receives the report on the parade’s status. Once the parade commander (who is usually a Colonel General with the billet of Commander of the Moscow Military District) receives the report, he takes his position in the parade and orders the formations to stand at ease. A couple minutes later, a Communist Party and government delegation arrives at the grandstand on top of Lenin’s Mausoleum. The dignitaries include the General Secretary, Premier, the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, members of the entire Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, including members from the Politburo and Secretariat, the Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces, service branch commanders, deputy defence ministers, members of the cabinet and commanders of the support departments in the general staff, in addition to the occasional foreign head of state or party as the principal foreign guest and reviewing officer. In between the south of the grandstand is a platoon of the armed linemen and markers from the Independent Commandant’s Regiment in military overcoats whose purpose is to take post to mark the distance of the troops marching past. Seated in the stands on the west and east sides were residents of the capital, visitors from all over the Union, the diplomatic corps and military attaches and guests from allied and friendly countries with ties to the Union government. Within Red Square the more than 9,000 strong parade formation (11,000 during jubilee years) was complemented by the Massed Bands of the Moscow Garrison, conducted by the Senior Director of Music of the Military Band Service of the Armed Forces, the billet of an officer who usually held major general rank, at the start of the parade the bands were split into four sections across the expanse of the Square in between the inspecting formations. The mobile column, also present, was made up of around 170-380 vehicles and around 3,900 crews drawn from the participant units making up the segment of the parade. Until 1974 the mobile column was around 400 to 750 vehicles strong made up of around 7,500 to 9,800 crews and officers from the formations making up the column.

Badges[edit]

In November 1967 Minister of Defense Marshal Andrei Grechko announced his gratitude and of the Ministry of Defence to all those who marched on Red Square that 7 November as the country marked the golden jubilee anniversary year of the Revolution and for the first time, together with the text of gratitude, they were presented with commemorative badges «Participant of the military parade». Participants were also awarded a commemorative badge in the 1972 parade, the 100th parade to mark the golden jubilee of the foundation of the Soviet Union. A number of naval schools had custom made badges made in honor of their participation in the celebrations.^[6]

Parade proper[edit]

As the Kremlin’s Spasskaya Tower sounds the chimes at 10am the parade commander orders the parade to present arms and look to the left for inspection. The Minister of Defence (usually a billet of a General of the Army) then is driven on a limousine to the center of the square to receive the parade report from the commander, with the combined bands playing Jubillee March of the Red Army in the background. Once the report is received, the Minister and the parade commander begin to inspect the parading formations together with the bands. The limousinesed stop at each formation in order for the minister to send his greeting to the contingents, in which they respond with a threefold «Ura» (Russian: Ура). Other than the Red Square inspection, the commander and the minister would also inspect the personnel of the mobile column on Manezhnaya Square. After the final greeting, the Massed Bands played Long Live our State by Boris Alexandrovich Alexandrov as the commander returns to his place in the parade, and the Minister driven to the grandstand while the entire parade shouts ‘Ura!’ (Russian: Ура!) repeatedly until he takes his position in the grandstand and the bands end playing (from 1945 to 1966 Slavsya from A Life for the Tsar took its place and yet again in 1990). During this time, the Corps of Drums of the Moscow Military Music College, which is an affiliate of the Suvorov Military Schools, take their place behind the parade commander’s limousine. The parade is then ordered to stand at ease and the chromatic fanfare trumpeters, together with the rest of the musicians of the massed bands, sound a fanfare call, usually Govovin’s Moscow Fanfare for the keynote address by the minister which will follow. As the minister concludes his address, he will yell «Ura!» (Russian: «Ура!») to which the entire parade repeats thrice. The Massed Bands of the Moscow Garrison then play the full version of the State Anthem of the Soviet Union while a ceremonial battery armed with the 76 mm divisional gun M1942 (ZiS-3) fire a 21-gun salute. As the anthem ends, the bands sound a second fanfare and the parade commander orders the parade to do carry out the following commands for the march past:

Parade… attention! Ceremonial march past!
Form battalions! Distance by a single lineman! First battalion will remain in the right, remainder… left.. turn!
Slope.. arms!
Eyes to the right…
Quick march!

On the command «Quick march!», the linemen take their places at the south end of the square while the Corps of Drums of the Moscow Military Music College march to a drum tune, while the fifers and trumpeters play a specific tune, in a tradition that would go on until the late 1990s and early 2000s when the trumpets were removed. As the massed bands start playing the Corps of Drums begin to swing their drumsticks while on the eyes right led by the drum major. The Corps is immediately followed by the officers of the Frunze Military Academy whereas on jubilee parades, the massed colour guard is the first formation other than the corps on the square, followed by a historical contingent. The troops have always marched in the following order during the parade:

Order of ground march past column[edit]

Military Bands

• Massed Bands of the Moscow Military District under the direction of the Senior Director of Music of the Bands Service
• Corps of Drums of the Moscow Military Music College

Ground Column

• Parade commander holding the appointment of commanding officer of the Moscow Military District
• Color Guard Unit (in jubilee parades)
• Historical contingent (in jubilee parades)
  • Red Guards
  • Ex-Imperial Russian Army servicemen within the Red Army
  • Sailors of the Aurora
  • Red Army soldiers during the Civil War
  • Great Patriotic War contingent
• Frunze Military Academy
• V.I. Lenin Military Political Academy
• Felix Dzerzhinsky Artillery Academy
• Military Armored Forces Academy Marshal Rodion Malinovsky
• Military Engineering Academy
• Military Academy of Chemical Defense and Control
• Yuri Gagarin Air Force Academy
• Prof. Nikolai Zhukovsky Air Force Engineering Academy
• Delegation of naval officer cadets from the Soviet Navy^[7]
• 98th Guards Airborne Division
• Moscow Border Guards Institute of the Border Defence Forces of the KGB «Moscow City Council»
• Separate Operational Purpose Division
• 336th Marine Brigade of the Baltic Fleet
• Suvorov Military School
• Nakhimov Naval School
• Moscow Military Combined Arms Command Training School «Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR»

As ground column concludes, the massed bands play either Long Live our State or Song of the Motherland, with the Moscow Higher Military Command School marching past as the last formation on the square before the mobile column with Victory Day being played beforehand as their cadets march at the rear. When the ground segment ends, the bands perform an about turn and march towards the facade of the GUM department store to give way to the mobile column, which drives past as the bands play Victorious March and Moscow Salute. Once the ground mobile column is complete, the bands take their position at the western end of the square to prepare for the finale, led by the senior director of music, conductors, bandmasters and drum majors. The finale involves the massed bands marching down the square to the tune of Song of the Soviet Army or Metropolitan March and as the bands march past the grandstand, the senior director of music, conductors and bandmasters salute at the eyes right. In 1967, the massed bands marched out to the tune of My Beloved Motherland.

Order of mobile column drivepast[edit]

• 2nd Guards Motor Rifle Division
• 98th Guards Airborne Division
• 4th Guards Tank Division
• Moscow Military District Field Artillery and Rocket Forces
• Moscow Military District Ground Forces Air Defense
• 1st Moscow Air and Air Defense Forces Army
• Northern Fleet and Baltic Fleet Coastal Defense, Surface and Submarine Forces (until 1974)
• Strategic Missile Forces 27th Guards Rocket Army

Similar parade events were held in all major cities in the RSFSR as well as in the USSR, with the first secretary of the local communist party branch being the guest of honor and the commander of the regional military district or large formation acting as the parade inspector and keynote speaker, while the second-in command of the unit or command served as parade commander. The parade format is the same in these cities, with particularities being shaped to fit the specific parade ground (e.g. October Square, Minsk). Massed bands for the parade were drawn from the formation or district bands located in their respective areas. The Government of the Armenian SSR cancelled the 1989 parade in Yerevan due to extended protests, while the mobile column of the parade in the Moldovan capital of Kishinev was removed from the itinerary due to protester blocking the streets and preventing passage to vehicles.^[8] A similar occurred event occurred on what is now Gediminas Avenue in Vilnius.^[9]

Civil parade and workers’ demonstration[edit]

The bands having marched off the square is the signal for the commencement of the holiday civil parade and workers’ demonstration in Red Square. In jubilee years (more frequency in the parades of the 1960s and 1970s), the civil parade kicks off with a spectacular march made up of the following components preceding the workers’ demonstration march:

• Red flag bearers
• Historical segment (present in the parades of 1967 and 1987)
• Officials, management, staff and employees of the Moscow City CPSU Committee and Moscow City Council
• Representatives of state economic enterprises and firms in Moscow
• Komsomol
• Vladimir Lenin All-Union Pioneer Organization
• DOSAAF
• Color Guard, Athletes and Coaches from the Voluntary Sports Societies of the Soviet Union
• Moscow National Central Physical Fitness and Sports School

Float displays also featured prominently in the civil parades where floats were designed to promote government and party campaigns or highlight the works of various public companies, farm collectives and state economic firms. At a certain point during the civil parade, Pioneers in winter jackets and carrying flowers representing schools in Moscow and all over the country run towards the front of the Mausoleum facade and are split into two groups that ascend the staircases towards the dignitaries in the grandstand to give them flower bouquets. Following the civil parade the workers’ demonstration officially begins, wherein workers from state economic and social firms in Moscow, as well as from schools and universities, march past as part of their respective community delegations. Each delegation has a color guard unit and brass band taking part, as well as floats from the participating state enterprises. Each of Moscow’s districts march past the grandstand to greet everyone a Happy Revolution Day, especially to the dignitaries and everyone in the stands watching as balloons fly out from the crowds filing past while recorded music is played on the speakers. After an hour or two, the civil parade ends with a huge crowd bidding the principal dignitaries farewell from the grounds of the square with red flags in their hands as one final cheer resounds from the sound systems installed along the entire length of the square.

Similar civil parades occurred in all major cities and the republican capital cities following the military parades.

Post-Soviet observance[edit]

In Russia, the holiday was repurposed several times. In 1995, President Yeltsin reestablished a November 7 holiday to commemorate the liberation of Moscow from the Polish-Lithuanian Army in 1612.^[2] The next year, it was renamed ‘Day of Accord and Reconciliation’.^[2] From 2004, November 7 became one of several Days of Military Honour and ceased to be a day off.^[1] The original celebrations continues to be honoured in ceremonies led by the Communist Party of the Russian Federation.

As of 2018, October Revolution Day remains an official holiday in Belarus, though the original significance has faded and it is simply regarded as a day off.^[10] President Alexander Lukashenko has described the holiday as one that «strengthens social harmony».^[11] Similarly, in the unrecognized Pridnestrovian Transnistrian Republic, the day is officially a public holiday, but it is regarded by locals as devoid of its original meaning.^{[12][citation needed]} In Kyrgyzstan, the holiday was observed until 2017, when it was replaced by the ‘Days of Ancestral History and Memory’ on November 7 and 8.^[13]

Observance in the United States[edit]

A handful of U.S. states^[which?] designate November 7 as Victims of Communism Day. In 2022, the state of Florida in the United States, mandated that schools devote 45 minutes to teaching about communism, the role that communist leaders have had on history and «how people suffered under those regimes».^[14]

See also[edit]

• Declaration of the Creation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
• List of October Revolution Parades in Moscow
• Victory Day (9 May)
• Golden Week (China)
  • National Day of the People’s Republic of China

References[edit]

External link[edit]

Media related to October Revolution Day at Wikimedia Commons

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

День Великой Октябрьской социалистической революции Day of the Great October Socialist Revolution
October Revolution Day in 1977
Observed by	Soviet Union  Bulgaria  Cuba  Czechoslovakia  East Germany  Hungary  Mongolia  Poland  Romania  Vietnam  Ethiopia
Type	National Day
Celebrations	Flag hoisting, parades, fireworks, award ceremonies, singing patriotic songs and the national anthem, speeches by the CPSU General Secretary, entertainment and cultural programs
Date	7 November
Next time	7 November 2023
Frequency	annual
Related to	Great October Socialist Revolution

October Revolution Day (officially Day of the Great October Socialist Revolution, Russian: День Великой Октябрьской социалистической революции) was a public holiday in the Soviet Union and other Soviet-aligned states, officially observed on November 7 from 1927 to 1990,^[1] commemorating the 1917 October Revolution.

For Soviet families, it was a holiday tradition to partake in a shared morning meal, and to watch the October Revolution Parade broadcast on Soviet Central Television.^[1]

A holiday canon was established during the Stalinist period, and included a workers’ demonstration, the appearance of leaders on the podium of the Mausoleum, and, finally, the military parade on Red Square, which was held unfailingly every year, and most famously in 1941, as the Axis forces were advancing on Moscow.^[2]

October Revolution Day, which had been the main holiday of the year and received most of its traditions during the Stalinist period, gradually became less popular in the 1970s, falling behind the Victory Day and New Year celebrations as personal and family holidays.^[2]

Soviet observances[edit]

Civil-military parade[edit]

History[edit]

The first military parade took place on 7 November 1919 on the second anniversary of the revolution. The Russian civil war lasted until 1923. The parade in 1941 is particularly revered as it took place during the Battle of Moscow, during which many of the soldiers on the parade would be killed in action. In 1953, the parade took place as the first one to not be inspected by officers on horseback.^[3] The practice of foreign leaders began in 1957 with Mao Zedong attending that year’s parade as part of a state visit, continuing throughout the next two decades with Ethiopian leader Mengistu Haile Mariam’s attendance in 1980 and the leaders of Warsaw Pact and USSR-allied nations in 1967, 1977 and 1987. The 1989 parade was the first to have a drill routine by the massed bands take place. During the final parade in 1990, an assassination attempt was made on the life of President Mikhail Gorbachev by Alexander Shmonov, a locksmith from Leningrad. The two bullets he fired missed as he was tackled to the ground by crowds of demonstrators.^[4] The only time that a Soviet leader never attended a parade was in 1983 when Yuri Andropov did not attend the parade due to a sickness and his associate Konstantin Chernenko stood in for him.^[5]

Description of the parade[edit]

The most important event of the holiday is the national military parade and demonstrations on Moscow’s Red Square, with members of the Politburo and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union acting as the guests of honor. The celebrations begin at 9:50 am Moscow Standard Time with the arrival honors for the commander of the parade, who is greeted by the commandant of the Frunze Military Academy (now the Combined Arms Academy of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation) usually a general officer, and receives the report on the parade’s status. Once the parade commander (who is usually a Colonel General with the billet of Commander of the Moscow Military District) receives the report, he takes his position in the parade and orders the formations to stand at ease. A couple minutes later, a Communist Party and government delegation arrives at the grandstand on top of Lenin’s Mausoleum. The dignitaries include the General Secretary, Premier, the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, members of the entire Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, including members from the Politburo and Secretariat, the Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces, service branch commanders, deputy defence ministers, members of the cabinet and commanders of the support departments in the general staff, in addition to the occasional foreign head of state or party as the principal foreign guest and reviewing officer. In between the south of the grandstand is a platoon of the armed linemen and markers from the Independent Commandant’s Regiment in military overcoats whose purpose is to take post to mark the distance of the troops marching past. Seated in the stands on the west and east sides were residents of the capital, visitors from all over the Union, the diplomatic corps and military attaches and guests from allied and friendly countries with ties to the Union government. Within Red Square the more than 9,000 strong parade formation (11,000 during jubilee years) was complemented by the Massed Bands of the Moscow Garrison, conducted by the Senior Director of Music of the Military Band Service of the Armed Forces, the billet of an officer who usually held major general rank, at the start of the parade the bands were split into four sections across the expanse of the Square in between the inspecting formations. The mobile column, also present, was made up of around 170-380 vehicles and around 3,900 crews drawn from the participant units making up the segment of the parade. Until 1974 the mobile column was around 400 to 750 vehicles strong made up of around 7,500 to 9,800 crews and officers from the formations making up the column.

Badges[edit]

In November 1967 Minister of Defense Marshal Andrei Grechko announced his gratitude and of the Ministry of Defence to all those who marched on Red Square that 7 November as the country marked the golden jubilee anniversary year of the Revolution and for the first time, together with the text of gratitude, they were presented with commemorative badges «Participant of the military parade». Participants were also awarded a commemorative badge in the 1972 parade, the 100th parade to mark the golden jubilee of the foundation of the Soviet Union. A number of naval schools had custom made badges made in honor of their participation in the celebrations.^[6]

Parade proper[edit]

As the Kremlin’s Spasskaya Tower sounds the chimes at 10am the parade commander orders the parade to present arms and look to the left for inspection. The Minister of Defence (usually a billet of a General of the Army) then is driven on a limousine to the center of the square to receive the parade report from the commander, with the combined bands playing Jubillee March of the Red Army in the background. Once the report is received, the Minister and the parade commander begin to inspect the parading formations together with the bands. The limousinesed stop at each formation in order for the minister to send his greeting to the contingents, in which they respond with a threefold «Ura» (Russian: Ура). Other than the Red Square inspection, the commander and the minister would also inspect the personnel of the mobile column on Manezhnaya Square. After the final greeting, the Massed Bands played Long Live our State by Boris Alexandrovich Alexandrov as the commander returns to his place in the parade, and the Minister driven to the grandstand while the entire parade shouts ‘Ura!’ (Russian: Ура!) repeatedly until he takes his position in the grandstand and the bands end playing (from 1945 to 1966 Slavsya from A Life for the Tsar took its place and yet again in 1990). During this time, the Corps of Drums of the Moscow Military Music College, which is an affiliate of the Suvorov Military Schools, take their place behind the parade commander’s limousine. The parade is then ordered to stand at ease and the chromatic fanfare trumpeters, together with the rest of the musicians of the massed bands, sound a fanfare call, usually Govovin’s Moscow Fanfare for the keynote address by the minister which will follow. As the minister concludes his address, he will yell «Ura!» (Russian: «Ура!») to which the entire parade repeats thrice. The Massed Bands of the Moscow Garrison then play the full version of the State Anthem of the Soviet Union while a ceremonial battery armed with the 76 mm divisional gun M1942 (ZiS-3) fire a 21-gun salute. As the anthem ends, the bands sound a second fanfare and the parade commander orders the parade to do carry out the following commands for the march past:

Parade… attention! Ceremonial march past!
Form battalions! Distance by a single lineman! First battalion will remain in the right, remainder… left.. turn!
Slope.. arms!
Eyes to the right…
Quick march!

On the command «Quick march!», the linemen take their places at the south end of the square while the Corps of Drums of the Moscow Military Music College march to a drum tune, while the fifers and trumpeters play a specific tune, in a tradition that would go on until the late 1990s and early 2000s when the trumpets were removed. As the massed bands start playing the Corps of Drums begin to swing their drumsticks while on the eyes right led by the drum major. The Corps is immediately followed by the officers of the Frunze Military Academy whereas on jubilee parades, the massed colour guard is the first formation other than the corps on the square, followed by a historical contingent. The troops have always marched in the following order during the parade:

Order of ground march past column[edit]

Military Bands

• Massed Bands of the Moscow Military District under the direction of the Senior Director of Music of the Bands Service
• Corps of Drums of the Moscow Military Music College

Ground Column

• Parade commander holding the appointment of commanding officer of the Moscow Military District
• Color Guard Unit (in jubilee parades)
• Historical contingent (in jubilee parades)
  • Red Guards
  • Ex-Imperial Russian Army servicemen within the Red Army
  • Sailors of the Aurora
  • Red Army soldiers during the Civil War
  • Great Patriotic War contingent
• Frunze Military Academy
• V.I. Lenin Military Political Academy
• Felix Dzerzhinsky Artillery Academy
• Military Armored Forces Academy Marshal Rodion Malinovsky
• Military Engineering Academy
• Military Academy of Chemical Defense and Control
• Yuri Gagarin Air Force Academy
• Prof. Nikolai Zhukovsky Air Force Engineering Academy
• Delegation of naval officer cadets from the Soviet Navy^[7]
• 98th Guards Airborne Division
• Moscow Border Guards Institute of the Border Defence Forces of the KGB «Moscow City Council»
• Separate Operational Purpose Division
• 336th Marine Brigade of the Baltic Fleet
• Suvorov Military School
• Nakhimov Naval School
• Moscow Military Combined Arms Command Training School «Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR»

As ground column concludes, the massed bands play either Long Live our State or Song of the Motherland, with the Moscow Higher Military Command School marching past as the last formation on the square before the mobile column with Victory Day being played beforehand as their cadets march at the rear. When the ground segment ends, the bands perform an about turn and march towards the facade of the GUM department store to give way to the mobile column, which drives past as the bands play Victorious March and Moscow Salute. Once the ground mobile column is complete, the bands take their position at the western end of the square to prepare for the finale, led by the senior director of music, conductors, bandmasters and drum majors. The finale involves the massed bands marching down the square to the tune of Song of the Soviet Army or Metropolitan March and as the bands march past the grandstand, the senior director of music, conductors and bandmasters salute at the eyes right. In 1967, the massed bands marched out to the tune of My Beloved Motherland.

Order of mobile column drivepast[edit]

• 2nd Guards Motor Rifle Division
• 98th Guards Airborne Division
• 4th Guards Tank Division
• Moscow Military District Field Artillery and Rocket Forces
• Moscow Military District Ground Forces Air Defense
• 1st Moscow Air and Air Defense Forces Army
• Northern Fleet and Baltic Fleet Coastal Defense, Surface and Submarine Forces (until 1974)
• Strategic Missile Forces 27th Guards Rocket Army

Similar parade events were held in all major cities in the RSFSR as well as in the USSR, with the first secretary of the local communist party branch being the guest of honor and the commander of the regional military district or large formation acting as the parade inspector and keynote speaker, while the second-in command of the unit or command served as parade commander. The parade format is the same in these cities, with particularities being shaped to fit the specific parade ground (e.g. October Square, Minsk). Massed bands for the parade were drawn from the formation or district bands located in their respective areas. The Government of the Armenian SSR cancelled the 1989 parade in Yerevan due to extended protests, while the mobile column of the parade in the Moldovan capital of Kishinev was removed from the itinerary due to protester blocking the streets and preventing passage to vehicles.^[8] A similar occurred event occurred on what is now Gediminas Avenue in Vilnius.^[9]

Civil parade and workers’ demonstration[edit]

The bands having marched off the square is the signal for the commencement of the holiday civil parade and workers’ demonstration in Red Square. In jubilee years (more frequency in the parades of the 1960s and 1970s), the civil parade kicks off with a spectacular march made up of the following components preceding the workers’ demonstration march:

• Red flag bearers
• Historical segment (present in the parades of 1967 and 1987)
• Officials, management, staff and employees of the Moscow City CPSU Committee and Moscow City Council
• Representatives of state economic enterprises and firms in Moscow
• Komsomol
• Vladimir Lenin All-Union Pioneer Organization
• DOSAAF
• Color Guard, Athletes and Coaches from the Voluntary Sports Societies of the Soviet Union
• Moscow National Central Physical Fitness and Sports School

Float displays also featured prominently in the civil parades where floats were designed to promote government and party campaigns or highlight the works of various public companies, farm collectives and state economic firms. At a certain point during the civil parade, Pioneers in winter jackets and carrying flowers representing schools in Moscow and all over the country run towards the front of the Mausoleum facade and are split into two groups that ascend the staircases towards the dignitaries in the grandstand to give them flower bouquets. Following the civil parade the workers’ demonstration officially begins, wherein workers from state economic and social firms in Moscow, as well as from schools and universities, march past as part of their respective community delegations. Each delegation has a color guard unit and brass band taking part, as well as floats from the participating state enterprises. Each of Moscow’s districts march past the grandstand to greet everyone a Happy Revolution Day, especially to the dignitaries and everyone in the stands watching as balloons fly out from the crowds filing past while recorded music is played on the speakers. After an hour or two, the civil parade ends with a huge crowd bidding the principal dignitaries farewell from the grounds of the square with red flags in their hands as one final cheer resounds from the sound systems installed along the entire length of the square.

Similar civil parades occurred in all major cities and the republican capital cities following the military parades.

Post-Soviet observance[edit]

In Russia, the holiday was repurposed several times. In 1995, President Yeltsin reestablished a November 7 holiday to commemorate the liberation of Moscow from the Polish-Lithuanian Army in 1612.^[2] The next year, it was renamed ‘Day of Accord and Reconciliation’.^[2] From 2004, November 7 became one of several Days of Military Honour and ceased to be a day off.^[1] The original celebrations continues to be honoured in ceremonies led by the Communist Party of the Russian Federation.

As of 2018, October Revolution Day remains an official holiday in Belarus, though the original significance has faded and it is simply regarded as a day off.^[10] President Alexander Lukashenko has described the holiday as one that «strengthens social harmony».^[11] Similarly, in the unrecognized Pridnestrovian Transnistrian Republic, the day is officially a public holiday, but it is regarded by locals as devoid of its original meaning.^{[12][citation needed]} In Kyrgyzstan, the holiday was observed until 2017, when it was replaced by the ‘Days of Ancestral History and Memory’ on November 7 and 8.^[13]

Observance in the United States[edit]

A handful of U.S. states^[which?] designate November 7 as Victims of Communism Day. In 2022, the state of Florida in the United States, mandated that schools devote 45 minutes to teaching about communism, the role that communist leaders have had on history and «how people suffered under those regimes».^[14]

See also[edit]

• Declaration of the Creation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
• List of October Revolution Parades in Moscow
• Victory Day (9 May)
• Golden Week (China)
  • National Day of the People’s Republic of China

References[edit]

External link[edit]

Media related to October Revolution Day at Wikimedia Commons