Праздник рамадан на английском языке

Ramadan (Arabic: رَمَضَان, romanized: Ramaḍān [ra.ma.dˤaːn];[a] also spelled Ramazan, Ramzan, Ramadhan or Ramathan) is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar,[9] observed by Muslims worldwide as a month of fasting (sawm), prayer, reflection and community.[10] A commemoration of Muhammad's first revelation,[11] the annual observance of Ramadan is regarded as one of the Five Pillars of Islam[12] and lasts twenty-nine to thirty days, from one sighting of the crescent moon to the next.[13][14]

Ramadan (Arabic: رَمَضَان, romanized: Ramaḍān [ra.ma.dˤaːn];[a] also spelled Ramazan, Ramzan, Ramadhan or Ramathan) is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar,[9] observed by Muslims worldwide as a month of fasting (sawm), prayer, reflection and community.[10] A commemoration of Muhammad’s first revelation,[11] the annual observance of Ramadan is regarded as one of the Five Pillars of Islam[12] and lasts twenty-nine to thirty days, from one sighting of the crescent moon to the next.[13][14]

Ramadan
رَمَضَان
Ramadan montage.jpg

From top, left to right: A crescent moon over Sarıçam, Turkey, marking the beginning of the Islamic month of Ramadan. Ramadan Quran reading in Bandar Torkaman, Iran. Community Iftar meal in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, Tarawah prayers in a mosque in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Foods served at a traditional Iftar meal. Ramadan decorations in Jerusalem. Zakat donation boxes in Taipei, Taiwan.
Also called
  • Albanian: Ramazani
  • Azerbaijani: Ramazan
  • Bengali: রমজান, romanized: Rômzan / Rômjan
  • Hindi: रमज़ान, romanized: Ramzān
  • Kurdish: ڕەمەزان, romanized: Remezan
  • Persian: رمضان, romanized: Ramazān
  • Pashto: روژه, romanized: Rozha
  • Punjabi: رمضان / ਰਮਜ਼ਾਨ, romanized: Ramzān
  • Somali: Rabadaan or Rabmadaan
  • Thai: เราะมะฎอน, romanized: Romadon
  • Turkish: Ramazan
  • Urdu: رمضان, romanized: Ramzān
  • Zazaki: Remezan
Observed by Muslims
Type Religious
Celebrations Community iftars and Community prayers
Observances
  • Sawm (fasting)
  • Zakat and sadaqah (alms giving)
  • Commemorating Qadr Night
  • Reading the Quran
  • Abstaining from all bad deeds and staying humble
  • Taraweeh prayer (Sunni Muslims)
Begins At the last night of the month of Sha’ban[1]
Ends At the last night of the month of Ramadan[1]
Date Variable (follows the Islamic lunar calendar)[2][3]
2023 date 22/23 March – 21/22 April[4]
Frequency Annual (lunar calendar)
Related to Eid al-Fitr, Qadr Night

Fasting from dawn to sunset is fard (obligatory) for all adult Muslims who are not acutely or chronically ill, travelling, elderly, breastfeeding, diabetic, or menstruating.[15] The predawn meal is referred to as suhur, and the nightly feast that breaks the fast is called iftar.[16][17] Although fatwas have been issued declaring that Muslims who live in regions with a midnight sun or polar night should follow the timetable of Mecca,[18] it is common practice to follow the timetable of the closest country in which night can be distinguished from day.[19][20][21]

The spiritual rewards (thawab) of fasting are believed to be multiplied during Ramadan.[22]
Accordingly, during the hours of fasting Muslims refrain not only from food and drink, but also tobacco products, sexual relations, and sinful behavior,[23][24] devoting themselves instead to salat (prayer) and study of the Quran.[25][26]

Etymology

The word Ramadan derives from the Arabic root R-M-Ḍ (ر-م-ض) «scorching heat»,[27] which is the Classical Arabic verb «ramiḍa (رَمِضَ)» meaning «become intensely hot – become burning; become scorching; be blazing; be glowing».

Ramadan is thought as one of the names of God in Islam by some, and as such it is reported in many hadiths that it is prohibited to say only «Ramadan» in reference to the calendar month and that it is necessary to say «month of Ramadan», as reported in Sunni,[28][29][30][31][32][33][34] Shia[35][36][37][38][39][40] and Zaydi[41] sources.

In the Persian language, the Arabic letter ض (Ḍād) is pronounced as /z/. The Muslim communities in some countries with historical Persian influence, such as Azerbaijan, Iran, India, Pakistan and Turkey, use the word Ramazan or Ramzan. The word Romzan is used in Bangladesh.

History

The month of Ramadan is that in which was revealed the Quran; a guidance for mankind, and clear proofs of the guidance, and the criterion (of right and wrong). And whosoever of you is present, let him fast the month, and whosoever of you is sick or on a journey, a number of other days. Allah desires for you ease; He desires not hardship for you; and that you should complete the period, and that you should magnify Allah for having guided you, and that perhaps you may be thankful.[Quran 2:185]

Muslims hold that all scripture was revealed during Ramadan, the scrolls of Abraham, Torah, Psalms, Gospel, and Quran having been handed down on the first, sixth, twelfth, thirteenth (in some sources, eighteenth)[42] and twenty-fourth Ramadans,[year needed] respectively.[43][self-published source] Muhammed is said to have received his first quranic revelation on Laylat al-Qadr, one of five odd-numbered nights that fall during the last ten days of Ramadan.[44]

Although Muslims were first commanded to fast in the second year of Hijra (624 CE),[43] they believe that the practice of fasting is not in fact an innovation of monotheism[45] but rather has always been necessary for believers to attain taqwa (the fear of God).[46][Quran 2:183] They point to the fact that the pre-Islamic pagans of Mecca fasted on the tenth day of Muharram to expiate sin and avoid drought.[47][self-published source] Philip Jenkins argues that the observance of Ramadan fasting grew out of «the strict Lenten discipline of the Syrian Churches,» a postulation corroborated by other scholars, including theologian Paul-Gordon Chandler,[48][49] but disputed by some Muslim academics.[50]

Relation to the Jews and Yom Kippur

According to Al-Bukhari, Muhmmad initially chose the date of the fast as the day of Ashura (the 10th day of the 1st month), probably the Jewish Yom Kippur.[51] This fast was later replaced with the fast of the 9th month (Ramadan).[52]

Important dates

The first and last dates of Ramadan are determined by the lunar Islamic calendar.[3]

Beginning

Ramadan beginning dates between Gregorian years 1938 and 2038; including an error on the ante-penultimate line. Note that this table is based on an unspecified variant of the Islamic calendar and that, according to local practices, there can be differences of one (or even two) days.

Because the Hilāl, or crescent moon, typically occurs approximately one day after the new moon, Muslims can usually estimate the beginning of Ramadan;[53] however, many[who?] prefer to confirm the opening of Ramadan by direct visual observation of the crescent.[54]

Night of Destiny

Qadr Night is considered the holiest night of the year.[55][56] It is generally believed to have occurred on an odd-numbered night during the last ten days of Ramadan; the Dawoodi Bohra believe that Laylat al-Qadr was the twenty-third night of Ramadan.[57][58]

Eid

The holiday of Eid al-Fitr (Arabic:عيد الفطر), which marks the end of Ramadan and the beginning of Shawwal,[59] the next lunar month, is declared after a crescent new moon has been sighted or after completion of thirty days of fasting if no sighting of the moon is possible. Eid celebrates of the return to a more natural disposition (fitra) of eating, drinking, and marital intimacy.[60]

Religious practices

The common practice is to fast from dawn to sunset. The pre-dawn meal before the fast is called the suhur, while the meal at sunset that breaks the fast is called iftar.[61]

Muslims devote more time to prayer and acts of charity, striving to improve their self-discipline, motivated by hadith:[62][63] «When Ramadan arrives, the gates of Paradise are opened and the gates of hell are locked up and devils are put in chains.»[64]

Fasting

Ramadan is a time of spiritual reflection, self-improvement, and heightened devotion and worship. Muslims are expected to put more effort into following the teachings of Islam. The fast (sawm) begins at dawn and ends at sunset. In addition to abstaining from eating and drinking during this time, Muslims abstain from sexual relations[3] and sinful speech and behaviour during Ramadan fasting or month. The act of fasting is said to redirect the heart away from worldly activities, its purpose being to cleanse the soul by freeing it from harmful impurities. Muslims believe that Ramadan teaches them to practice self-discipline, self-control,[65] sacrifice, and empathy for those who are less fortunate, thus encouraging actions of generosity and compulsory charity (zakat).[66] Muslims also believe fasting helps instill compassion for the food-insecure poor.

Exemptions to fasting include travel, menstruation, severe illness, pregnancy, and breastfeeding. However, many Muslims with medical conditions[vague][who?] insist on fasting to satisfy their spiritual needs, although it is not recommended by hadith.[61] Those unable to fast are obligated to make up the missed days later.[67]

Suhoor

Each day, before dawn, Muslims observe a pre-fast meal called the suhoor. After stopping a short time before dawn, Muslims begin the first prayer of the day, Fajr.[68][69]

Iftar

At sunset, families break the fast with the iftar, traditionally opening the meal by eating dates to commemorate Muhammad’s practice of breaking the fast with three dates.[70][71] They then adjourn for Maghrib, the fourth of the five required daily prayers, after which the main meal is served.[72]

Social gatherings, many times in buffet style, are frequent at iftar. Traditional dishes are often highlighted, including traditional desserts, particularly those made only during Ramadan.[example needed] Water is usually the beverage of choice, but juice and milk are also often available, as are soft drinks and caffeinated beverages.[73]

In the Middle East, iftar consists of water, juices, dates, salads and appetizers; one or more main dishes; and rich desserts, with dessert considered the most important aspect of the meal.[74] Typical main dishes include lamb stewed with wheat berries, lamb kebabs with grilled vegetables, and roasted chicken served with chickpea-studded rice pilaf. Desserts may include luqaimat, baklava or kunafeh.[75]

Over time, the practice of iftar has evolved into banquets that may accommodate hundreds or even thousands of diners.[76] The Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque in Abu Dhabi, the largest mosque in the UAE, feeds up to thirty thousand people every night.[77] Some twelve thousand people attend iftar at the Imam Reza shrine in Mashhad.[citation needed]

Charity

Zakat, often translated as «the poor-rate», is the fixed percentage of income a believer is required to give to the poor; the practice is obligatory as one of the pillars of Islam. Muslims believe that good deeds are rewarded more handsomely during Ramadan than at any other time of the year; consequently, many Muslims donate a larger portion – or even all – of their yearly zakāt during this month.[citation needed]

Nightly prayers

Tarawih (Arabic: تراويح) are extra nightly prayers performed during the month of Ramadan. Contrary to popular belief, they are not compulsory.[78]

Recitation of the Quran

Muslims are encouraged to read the entire Quran, which comprises thirty juz’ (sections), over the thirty days of Ramadan. Some Muslims incorporate a recitation of one juz’ into each of the thirty tarawih sessions observed during the month.[citation needed]

Cultural practices

In some Islamic countries, lights are strung up in public squares and across city streets,[79][80][81] a tradition believed to have originated during the Fatimid Caliphate, where the rule of Caliph al-Mu’izz li-Din Allah was acclaimed by people holding lanterns.[82]

On the island of Java, many believers bathe in holy springs to prepare for fasting, a ritual known as Padusan.[83] The city of Semarang marks the beginning of Ramadan with the Dugderan carnival, which involves parading the warak ngendog, a horse-dragon hybrid creature allegedly inspired by the Buraq.[84] In the Chinese-influenced capital city of Jakarta, firecrackers are widely used to celebrate Ramadan, although they are officially illegal.[85] Towards the end of Ramadan, most employees receive a one-month bonus known as Tunjangan Hari Raya.[86] Certain kinds of food are especially popular during Ramadan, such as large beef or buffalo in Aceh and snails in Central Java.[87] The iftar meal is announced every evening by striking the bedug, a giant drum, in the mosque.[88]

Common greetings during Ramadan include Ramadan mubarak and Ramadan kareem, which mean (have a) «blessed Ramadan» and «generous Ramadan» respectively.[89]

During Ramadan in the Middle East, a mesaharati beats a drum across a neighbourhood to wake people up to eat the suhoor meal. Similarly in Southeast Asia, the kentongan slit drum is used for the same purpose.

  • Striking the bedug in Indonesia

  • Crescent is colourfully decorated and illuminated during Ramadan in Jordan

In Gulf countries, children dress in traditional attire and go door-to-door to receive sweets and nuts from neighbours on the 15th night of Ramadan

Observance rates

According to a 2012 Pew Research Centre study, there was widespread Ramadan observance, with a median of 93 percent across the thirty-nine countries and territories studied.[90] Regions with high percentages of fasting among Muslims include Southeast Asia, South Asia, Middle East and North Africa, Horn of Africa and most of Sub-Saharan Africa.[90] Percentages are lower in Central Asia and Southeast Europe.[90]

Laws

In some Muslim countries, eating in public during daylight hours in Ramadan is a crime.[91][92][93] The sale of alcohol becomes prohibited during Ramadan in Egypt.[94] The penalty for publicly eating, drinking or smoking during Ramadan can result in fines or incarceration in the countries of Kuwait,[95][96] Saudi Arabia,[97][98][99] Morocco,[100][101] Algeria[102] and Malaysia.[103] In the United Arab Emirates, the punishment is community service.[104]

In some countries, on the contrary, the observance of Ramadan has been restricted by governments. In the USSR, the practice of Ramadan was suppressed by officials.[105][106] In Albania, Ramadan festivities were banned during the communist period.[107] However, many Albanians continued to fast secretly during this period.[108]

China is reported to have banned Ramadan fasting for officials, students, and teachers in Xinjiang since 2012.[109][110][111] Radio Free Asia alleged that residents in Kashgar Prefecture were encouraged to report those who fasted to the authorities.[112] The ban has been denied by Chinese diplomats[113] and Muslim associations in Xinjiang.[114] Antara News,[115] Daily Times,[116] and Pakistan Today have also brought up accounts of residents in Xinjiang fasting.[117]

Some countries impose modified work schedules. In the UAE, employees may work no more than six hours per day and thirty-six hours per week. Qatar, Oman, Bahrain and Kuwait have similar laws.[118]

Health effects

There are various health effects of fasting in Ramadan. Ramadan fasting is considered safe for healthy individuals; it may pose risks for individuals with certain pre-existing conditions. Most Islamic scholars hold that fasting is not required for those who are ill. Additionally, the elderly and pre-pubertal children are exempt from fasting.[119] Pregnant or lactating women are also exempt from fasting during Ramadan.[120] There are known health risks involved in pregnant women who fast, which include the potential of induced labour and gestational diabetes.[121][122][123][124][125]

There are some health benefits of fasting in Ramadan including increasing insulin sensitivity and reducing insulin resistance.[126] It has also been shown that there is a significant improvement in 10 years coronary heart disease risk score and other cardiovascular risk factors such as lipids profile, systolic blood pressure, weight, BMI and waist circumference in subjects with a previous history of cardiovascular disease.[127] The fasting period is usually associated with modest weight loss, but weight can return afterwards.[128]

In many cultures, it is associated with heavy food and water intake during Suhur and Iftar times, which may do more harm than good.[129] Ramadan fasting is safe for healthy people provided that overall food and water intake is adequate but those with medical conditions should seek medical advice if they encounter health problems before or during fasting.[130]

The education departments of Berlin and the United Kingdom have tried to discourage students from fasting during Ramadan, as they claim that not eating or drinking can lead to concentration problems and bad grades.[131][132]

A review of the literature by an Iranian group suggested fasting during Ramadan might produce renal injury in patients with moderate (GFR <60 ml/min) or severe kidney disease but was not injurious to renal transplant patients with good function or most stone-forming patients.[133]

Conversion of Hijri years 1343 to 1500 to the Gregorian calendar, with first days of al-Muharram (brown), Ramadan (grey) and Shawwal (black) bolded, and Eid al-Adha dotted – in the SVG file, hover over a spot to show its dates and a line to show the month

A study on 55 professional Algerian soccer players showed that performance during Ramadan declined significantly for speed, agility, dribbling speed and endurance, and most stayed low 2 weeks after the conclusion of Ramadan.[134]

Ramadan in polar regions

The length of the dawn to sunset time varies in different parts of the world according to summer or winter solstices of the Sun. Most Muslims fast for eleven to sixteen hours during Ramadan. However, in polar regions, the period between dawn and sunset may exceed twenty-two hours in summer. For example, in 2014, Muslims in Reykjavik, Iceland, and Trondheim, Norway, fasted almost twenty-two hours, while Muslims in Sydney, Australia, fasted for only about eleven hours. In areas characterized by continuous night or day, some Muslims follow the fasting schedule observed in the nearest city that experiences sunrise and sunset, while others follow Mecca time.[19][20][21]

Ramadan in Earth orbit

Muslim astronauts in space schedule religious practices around the time zone of their last location on Earth. For example, this means an astronaut from Malaysia launching from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida would center their fast according to sunrise and sunset in Florida’s Eastern Time. This includes times for daily prayers, as well as sunset and sunrise for Ramadan.[135][136]

Employment during Ramadan

Muslims continue to work during Ramadan;[137][138] however, in some countries, such as Oman and Lebanon, working hours are shortened.[139][140] It is often recommended that working Muslims inform their employers if they are fasting, given the potential for the observance to impact performance at work.[141] The extent to which Ramadan observers are protected by religious accommodation varies by country. Policies putting them at a disadvantage compared to other employees have been met with discrimination claims in the United Kingdom and the United States.[142][143][144] An Arab News article reported that Saudi Arabian businesses were unhappy with shorter working hours during Ramadan, some reporting a decline in productivity of 35–50%.[145] The Saudi businesses proposed awarding salary bonuses in order to incentivize longer hours.[146] Despite the reduction in productivity, merchants can enjoy higher profit margins in Ramadan due to increase in demand.[147]

See also

  • Fasting and abstinence of the Coptic Orthodox Church
  • Shraavana

References

Notes

  1. ^ According to Arabic phonology, it can be realized as [rɑmɑˈdˤɑːn, ramaˈdˤɑːn, ræmæˈdˤɑːn], depending on the region. , also ,[5][6][7] ;[8]

Citations

  1. ^ a b Clark, Malcolm (2003). Islam For Dummies. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0764555039.
  2. ^ «The Umm al-Qura Calendar of Saudi Arabia». Archived from the original on 11 June 2011. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
  3. ^ a b c «Ramadan to start May 27 or May 28». aljazeera.com/. Archived from the original on 27 April 2017. Retrieved 27 April 2017.
  4. ^ «Islamic Hijri Calendar 2023». islamicfinder.org.
  5. ^ «Ramadan». The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 15 May 2019.
  6. ^ «Ramadan». Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 15 May 2019.
  7. ^ «Ramadan». Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 15 May 2019.
  8. ^ «Ramadan». Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 3 March 2020.
  9. ^ BBC – Religions Archived 28 July 2012 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 25 July 2012
  10. ^ «Ramadan: Fasting and Traditions». Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 6 May 2019.
  11. ^ «Ramadan 2020: Date, importance, wishes, quotes, messages, and pictures». India Today.
  12. ^ «Schools – Religions». BBC. Archived from the original on 27 August 2012. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
  13. ^ Bukhari-Ibn-Ismail, AbdAllah-Muhammad. «Sahih Bukhari – Book 031 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 124». hadithcollection.com. Archived from the original on 13 June 2012. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
  14. ^ Muslim-Ibn-Habaj, Abul-Hussain. «Sahih Muslim – Book 006 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 2378». hadithcollection.com. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
  15. ^ Fasting (Al Siyam) – الصيام – p. 18, el Bahay el Kholi, 1998
  16. ^ Islam, Andrew Egan – 2002 – p. 24
  17. ^ Dubai – p. 189, Andrea Schulte-Peevers – 2010
  18. ^ «Ramadan in the Farthest North». Saudi Aramco World. Archived from the original on 4 February 2015. Retrieved 16 June 2015.
  19. ^ a b See article «How Long Muslims Fast For Ramadan Around The World» -Huffpost.com /31 July 2014 and article «Fasting Hours of Ramadan 2014» -Onislam.net / 29 June 2014 and article «The true spirit of Ramadan» -Gulfnews.com /31 July 2014
  20. ^ a b See article by Imam Mohamad Jebara «The fasting of Ramadan is not meant to punish» https://ottawacitizen.com/opinion/columnists/jebara-the-fasting-of-ramadan-is-not-meant-to-punish Archived 7 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine
  21. ^ a b Kassam, Ashifa (3 July 2016). «Arctic Ramadan: fasting in land of midnight sun comes with a challenge». The Guardian. Archived from the original on 7 July 2016. Retrieved 6 July 2016.
  22. ^ Bukhari-Ibn-Ismail, AbdAllah-Muhammad. «Sahih Bukhari – Book 031 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 125». hadithcollection.com. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
  23. ^ Smith, Jane I. (2010). Islam in America. Columbia University Press. p. 15. ISBN 978-0231147101. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
  24. ^ Hotaling, Edward (2003). Islam Without Illusions: Its Past, Its Present, and Its Challenge for the Future. Syracuse University Press. p. 57. ISBN 978-0815607663. Retrieved 30 May 2017.
  25. ^ Abu Dawud-Ibn-Ash’ath-AsSijisstani, Sulayman. «Sunan Abu-Dawud – (The Book of Prayer) – Detailed Injunctions about Ramadan, Hadith 1370». Center for Muslim-Jewish Engagement of The University of Southern California. Archived from the original on 15 June 2012. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
  26. ^ Bukhari-Ibn-Ismail, AbdAllah-Muhammad. «Sahih Bukhari – Book 031 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 199». hadithcollection.com. Archived from the original on 15 January 2013. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
  27. ^ Muslim-Ibn-Habaj, Abul-Hussain. «Sahih Muslim – Book 006 (The Book of Fasting), Hadith 2391». hadithcollection.com. Archived from the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 25 July 2012.
  28. ^ Al-Bayhaqi, Abu Bakr. Sunnan al-Kubra (in Arabic). Vol. 4. p. Book 11, Ch. 6, Nu. 7904. قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّٰهِ صَلَّىٰ اللَّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: لَا تَقُولُوا۟ «رَمَضَانُ» فَإِنَّ رَمَضَانَ اسْمٌ مِنْ أَسْمَاءِ اللَّٰهِ وَلَٰكِنْ قُولُوا۟ «شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ»
  29. ^ Al-Tabari, Muhammad ibn Jarir. Tafsir al-Tabari (in Arabic). Vol. 3. p. 187. أَنَّهُ كَرِهَ أَنْ يُقَالُ «رَمَضَانَ»، وَيَقُولُ: لَعَلَّهُ اسْمٌ مِنْ أَسْمَاءِ اللَّٰهِ، لَٰكِنَّ نَقُولُ كَمَا قَالَ اللَّٰهُ: «شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ»
  30. ^ Al-Razi, Fakhr al-Din. Tafsir al-Kabir (in Arabic). Vol. 5. p. 251. عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّىٰ اللَّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: لَا تَقُولُوا۟ «جَاءَ رَمَضَانُ» وَ«ذَهَبَ رَمَضَانُ» وَلَٰكِنْ قُولُوا۟ «جَاءَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ» وَ«ذَهَبَ شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ» فَإِنَّ رَمَضَانَ اسْمٌ مِنْ أَسْمَاءِ اللَّٰهِ تَعَالَىٰ.
  31. ^ Ibn al-Jawzi, Abdul Rahman. Al-Mawdu’at (in Arabic). Vol. 2. p. 187. قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّٰهِ صَلَّىٰ اللَّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: لَا تَقُولُوا۟ «رَمَضَانُ» فَإِنَّ رَمَضَانَ اسْمُ اللَّٰهِ، وَلَٰكِنْ قُولُوا۟ «شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ»
  32. ^ Ibn Abu Hatim, Abdul Rahman. Tafsir Ibn Abu Hatim (in Arabic). Vol. 1. p. 310, Nu. 1648. لَا تَقُولُوا۟ «رَمَضَانُ»، فَإِنَّ رَمَضَانَ اسْمٌ مِنْ أَسْمَاءِ اللَّٰهِ، وَلَٰكِنْ قُولُوا۟ «شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ»
  33. ^ Al-Dimashqi, Tamam. Fawa’id al-Tamam (in Arabic). Vol. 1. p. 104, Nu. 241. قَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّٰهِ صَلَّىٰ اللَّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: لَا يَقُولَنَّ أَحَدُكُمْ «صُمْتُ رَمَضَانَ»، وَ«قُمْتُ رَمَضَانَ»، وَلَا «صَنَعْتُ فِي رَمَضَانَ كَذَا وَكَذَا»، فَإِنَّ رَمَضَانَ اسْمٌ مِنْ أَسْمَاءِ اللَّٰهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ الْعِظَامِ، وَلَٰكِنْ قُولُوا۟ «شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ» كَمَا قَالَ رَبُّكُمْ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ فِي كِتَابِهِ
  34. ^ Ibn al-Saqri, Abu Tahir. Mashyakhah (in Arabic). Vol. 1. p. 126, Nu. 52. عَائِشَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّٰهُ عَنْهَا قَالَتْ قُلْتُ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّٰهِ مَا مَعْنَىٰ رَمَضَانَ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّٰهِ صَلَّىٰ اللَّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: يَا حُمَيْرَاءُ لَا تَقُولِي «رَمَضَانُ» فَإِنَّهُ اسْمٌ مِنْ أَسْمَاءِ اللَّٰهِ وَلَٰكِنْ قُولِي «شَهْرُ رَمَضَانَ» يَعْنِي رَمَضَانَ أَرْمَضَ فِيهِ ذُنُوبَ عِبَادِهِ فَغَفَرَهَا
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External links

  • Complete Guide to Ramadhan including Rules, Duas, Itikaaf, Laylatul Qadr, Sadaqatul Fitr etc.
  • Articles on Ramadan
  • Ramadan news and articles
Источник

Английский текст с переводом

Сайт Деловой английский www.delo-angl.ru
Опубликовано: 04.03.2016

Рамадан – это девятый месяц по исламскому календарю. Это исламский месяц поста, в который мусульмане, принимающие участие в посте, воздерживаются от еды и питья от рассвета до заката. Рамадан был названием девятого месяца в арабской культуре задолго до появления Ислама. В Коране сказано, что «пост записан (как обязательный) на вас, как он был (записан) на тех, кто был до вас», что является ссылкой на иудейскую практику поста на День искупления. Пост предназначен для того, чтобы научить мусульман терпению, скромности и духовности.

Рамадан – это время для соблюдения мусульманами поста во имя Бога и для большего количества молитв, чем обычно. Во время Рамадана мусульмане просят прощения за прошлые грехи, молят о получении совета и помощи в воздержании от повседневных грехов, и стараются очистить себя путем самоограничения и хороших поступков.

В сравнении с солнечным календарем, даты Рамадана отличаются и сдвигаются назад, примерно на десять дней каждый год, так как это передвигающийся праздник, зависящий от Луны. Рамадан был месяцем, в который первые стихи Корана были, как говорят, раскрыты пророку Ислама Мухаммеду. Это произошло в течение ночи, которую мусульмане называют Лейлат Аль-Кадр (Ночь предопределения). Эта ночь, как считается, была одной из 10 последних дней месяца.

Рамадан заканчивается большим праздником и пиршеством Ид аль-Фитр (Ураза-Байрам) в первый день месяца Шавваль.

Источник: Wikipedia

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Ramadan

Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar. It is the Islamic month of fasting, in which participating Muslims refrain from eating, drinking from dawn until sunset. Ramadan had been the name of the ninth month in Arabian culture long before the arrival of Islam. In the Qur’an it is said that “fasting has been written down (as obligatory) upon you, as it was upon those before you” which is a reference to the Jewish practice of fasting on Yom Kippur. Fasting is meant to teach the Muslim patience, modesty and spirituality.

Ramadan is a time for Muslims to fast for the sake of God and to offer more prayer than usual. During Ramadan, Muslims ask forgiveness for past sins, pray for guidance and help in refraining from everyday evils, and try to purify themselves through self-restraint and good deeds.

As compared to the solar calendar, the dates of Ramadan vary, moving backwards about ten days each year as it is a moving holiday depending on the moon. Ramadan was the month in which the first verses of the Qur’an were said to be revealed to the Islamic Prophet Muhammad. That was during a night that Muslims call Laylat al-Qadr (the night of decree.) The night is believed to be one of the 10 last days of the month.

Ramadan ends with Eid ul-Fitr on the first of Shawwal, with much celebration and feasting.

Source: Wikipedia

*****************

  • fasting; fast – голодание, пост
  • Muslims – мусульмане
  • Qur’an – Коран
  • obligatory – обязательный
  • Jewish – еврейский, иудейский
  • reference – ссылка (на кого-л. / что-л.); упоминание (о ком-л. / чём-л.)
  • Yom Kippur – Йом-кипур, Иом-кипур, День искупления (суточный пост и праздник у последователей иудаизма)
  • for the sake of – во имя (чего-либо / кого-либо)
  • prayer – молитва, молящийся
  • to pray – молиться
  • guidance – здесь: наставление, совет; другие значения: руководство; заведование, управление, консультирование
  • to refrain – воздерживаться, удерживаться
  • evil – зло, вред, убыток, ущерб, несчастье, беда, бедствие, болезнь, порок; грех, изъян, недостаток

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На основании Вашего запроса эти примеры могут содержать разговорную лексику.

Перевод «праздник Рамадан» на английский

holiday of Ramadan

THIS RAMADAN


В праздник Рамадан, помогите, пожалуйста, детям, как Айя, которые не знают ничего, кроме конфликта и трудностей».



This Ramadan, please help support children like Aya who have known nothing but conflict and hardship.


Поэтому мы призываем положить конец бомбардировкам, с тем чтобы избавить многострадальный народ Афганистана от дальнейших тягот и перипетий и позволить ему вернуться в свои деревни и дома, учитывая быстро приближающуюся зиму и предстоящий праздник Рамадан.



We therefore appeal for an end to the bombing so as to spare the long-suffering people of Afghanistan further hardship and travail and to allow them to return to their villages and homes for the fast-approaching winter season and Ramadan.


В священный праздник Рамадан компания The First Group дарит детям моменты счастья



THE FIRST GROUP GIVES CHILDREN THE GIFT OF HAPPINESS THIS RAMADAN


Праздник Рамадан приходит после месяца поста и семейных визитов и гостей.



The Ramadan festival comes after a month of fasting and family visits and guests.


Праздник Рамадан считается официальным праздником в течение трёх дней.



The end of Ramazan is celebrated with a three day holiday.


К их числу относятся технические проблемы с некоторым оборудованием, забастовка работников на предприятии одного из поставщиков, а также праздник рамадан (хотя последствия последнего названы номинальными).



These included technical problems with some of the equipment, an employee strike at one of the vendors’ sites, and the Ramadan Festival (although the effect of this was described as nominal).


Г-н Мунейр говорит, что на одном из предыдущих заседаний его делегация просила бюро при составлении расписания заседаний консультироваться с государствами, в которых отмечается праздник рамадан.



Mr. Monayair said that his delegation had requested at an earlier meeting that the Bureau should consult the States which observed Ramadan about the schedule of meetings.

Ничего не найдено для этого значения.

Результатов: 7. Точных совпадений: 7. Затраченное время: 25 мс

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Индекс фразы: 1-400, 401-800, 801-1200

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Ramadan is a holy month of fasting, introspection and prayer for Muslims, the followers of Islam. It is celebrated as the month during which Muhammad received the initial revelations of the Quran, the holy book for Muslims. Fasting is one of the five fundamental principles of Islam. Each day during Ramadan, Muslims do not eat or drink from dawn to sunset. They are also supposed to avoid impure thoughts and bad behavior. 

Muslims break their daily fasts by sharing meals with family and friends, and the end of Ramadan is celebrated with a three-day festival known as Eid al-Fitr, one of Islam’s major holidays. Ramadan always falls on the ninth month of the 12-month Islamic calendar. Ramadan 2022 begins at sunset on Saturday, April 2, and ends on the evening of Monday, May 2.

Facts About Islam 

Islam is the world’s second largest religion after Christianity and has more than 1 billion followers. Islam originated in Arabia and has spread all over the world.

Countries with the largest Muslim populations include Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nigeria, Egypt, Turkey and Iran. There are an estimated 7 million Muslims in America, along with Islamic places of worship, called mosques, in all 50 states.

Muslims believe that around 610 A.D. a man named Muhammad (c.570-632) from the Arabian city of Mecca started receiving revelations from God, or Allah, via the angel Gabriel. The revelations were collected into a 114-chapter holy book known as the Quran (or Koran), which Muslims believe contains the exact words of God.

Muhammad is, according to Muslims, the final prophet in a line of prophets (including Adam, Abraham, Moses and Jesus) who were chosen by God to act as messengers and teach mankind. Muslims believe there is one all-knowing God, and people can achieve salvation by following his commandments. In Arabic, Islam means “submission” or “surrender” (to God).

A series of formal acts of worship, known as the Five Pillars of Islam, are fundamental to the lives of Muslims. The pillars include shahada (a declaration of faith: “There is no deity but God, and Muhammad is the messenger of God”); prayer (Muslims pray five times a day); zakat (charitable giving); fasting and pilgrimage (Muslims are supposed to make a trip, or “hajj,” to the city of Mecca, Saudi Arabia, at least once in a lifetime if they are physically and financially able).

When Is Ramadan?

Ramadan 2022 begins at sunset on Saturday, April 2 and end on Monday, May 2.

Ramadan is the ninth month of the 12-month Islamic calendar, a lunar calendar that’s based on the phases of the moon. The lunar calendar falls short of the solar calendar by 11 days.

As a result, Ramadan doesn’t start on the same date each year and instead, over time, passes through all the seasons

Scroll to Continue

Why Is Ramadan Celebrated?

Ramadan is celebrated as the month during which Muhammad received the initial revelations of what became the Quran, the holy book for Muslims, from God.

The Quran states:

“The month of Ramadhan [is that] in which was revealed the Qur’an, guidance for the people and clear proofs of guidance and criterion. So whoever sights [the new moon of] the month, let him fast it.”

The Rules of Ramadan

During Ramadan, Muslims fast from dawn to dusk each day. They are supposed to avoid eating, drinking, smoking and sexual activity, as well as unkind or impure thoughts and words and immoral behavior.

Ramadan is a time to practice self-restraint and self-reflection. Fasting is seen as a way to cleanse the soul and have empathy for those in the world who are hungry and less fortunate. Muslims go to work and school and take care of their usual activities during Ramadan; however, some also read the entire Quran, say special prayers and attend mosques more frequently during this time.

All Muslims who have reached puberty and are in good health are required to fast. The sick and elderly, along with travelers, pregnant women and those who are nursing are exempt, although they are supposed to make up for the missed fast days sometime in the future or help feed the poor.

The first pre-dawn meal of the day during Ramadan is called “suhoor.” Each day’s fast is broken with a meal known as “iftar.” Traditionally, a date is eaten to break the fast. Iftars are often elaborate feasts celebrated with family and friends. The types of foods served vary according to culture.

Eid al-Fitr

The conclusion of Ramadan is marked with a major celebration known as Eid al-Fitr (or Eid ul-Fitr), the Feast of Fast-Breaking. It starts the day after Ramadan ends and lasts for three days.

Eid al-Fitr includes special prayers and meals with friends and relatives, and gifts are often exchanged.

In 1996, then-first lady Hillary Clinton hosted the first Eid al-Fitr dinner at the White House. President Bill Clinton continued the tradition throughout the rest of his time in office.

His successor, President George W. Bush, hosted an iftar at the White House in 2001 and continued the dinners every year of his two terms in power. President Barack Obama followed suit, hosting his first White House Ramadan dinner in August 2010. After skipping it in 2017, President Donald Trump hosted iftar dinners to honor the Muslim holy month in 2018 and 2019.

READ MORE: Islam 

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Ramadan dates
Muslims fast during the day during Ramadan. After the sun sets at the end of each day, the fast is typically broken with water and dates.
(Image credit: Galiyah Assan/Shutterstock)

Ramadan is the most sacred month of the year in Islamic culture. Muslims observe the month of Ramadan, to mark that Allah, or God, gave the first chapters of the Quran to the Prophet Muhammad in 610, according to the Times of India. During Ramadan, Muslims fast, abstain from pleasures and pray to become closer to God. It is also a time for families to gather and celebrate.

Ramadan is the ninth month in the Islamic calendar, which is a lunar calendar based on the cycles of the moon. Observances begin the morning after the crescent moon is visibly sighted, marking the beginning of the new month. Traditionally, people searched for the slight crescent using the naked eye, which has led to the declaration of different starting times for Ramadan, due to weather or geography. In order to have a more consistent start time for Muslims around the world, however, astronomical calculations are now sometimes used. Using science to mark the beginning of the month is controversial, however, and in many parts of the world, Ramadan still does not begin until religious leaders announce that they have personally seen the crescent moon, according to Holidays.net. 

In 2018, Ramadan will begin at sunset on May 15 as Muslims search for the crescent moon, according to the Islamic Networks Group. Fasting begins the next day. In upcoming years, it will begin on May 5, 2019; April 23, 2020; and April 12, 2021. 

Powerful symbol of unity

The observance of Ramadan is very personal and individual and is a time for «sacrifice and renunciation as well as a period of reflection and spiritual growth,» Florian Pohl, associate professor of religion at Oxford College of Emory University, told Live Science. Pohl added that Ramadan is also a powerful symbol of unity, with Muslims around the world fasting simultaneously while bringing family and friends together.

Imam Ossama Bahloul, resident scholar of the Islamic Center of Nashville, said that when he hears about Ramadan, «joy comes to my mind with the memories of my mother and father and the impact it had on our home. … It continues to be an absolute joy.» 

When Ramadan arrives, Yushau Sodiq, associate professor of religion and Islamic studies at Texas Christian University, feels «thrilled, because I am expecting it just like any other Muslim,» and uses the celebration to further connect himself to God and to services within his community.

Ramadan is a time when Muslims from all over the world come together. Sodiq said that in the United States, for example, some community mosques host Muslims from as many as 30 or 40 countries. Pohl said that it is also growing more common for people from various religions to come together during Ramadan to learn more about each other’s cultures.

Fasting: the fourth pillar of Islam

Fasting during Ramadan is the fourth of the Five Pillars of Islam. These pillars, or duties, form the basis of how Muslims practice their religion. According to Islam Guide, the Pillars of Islam are:

  • Shahada: faith in the Islam religion,
  • Salat: pray five times per day facing the direction of Mecca,
  • Zakat: give support to the needy,
  • Sawm: fast during Ramadan, and
  • Hajj: make the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once during one’s lifetime.

During Ramadan, observant Muslims fast from sunrise to sunset. Fasting is not only about abstaining from food and drink: Muslims must also refrain from smoking, taking oral medications and engaging in sexual activities, as well as gossip, fighting and lying. Bahloul said that while it sounds difficult to abstain from eating for up to 17 or 18 hours (depending on where in the world Ramadan is celebrated), after a couple of days it becomes the norm, and it is a reminder that a person is not just a physical body but a soul as well.

Muslims practice fasting upon reaching puberty. Some people are exempted, such as those who are ill or frail; women who are pregnant, lactating or menstruating; and travelers. Bahloul said that someone who cannot fast traditionally must feed one poor person for each day missed.

Fasting during Ramadan is a time for Muslims to commit themselves more to God and render «great services to the community in terms of helping the poor, assisting the needy and sharing whatever one has with others,» according to Sodiq. He added that Muslims are generally more kind, tolerant and active during Ramadan, because they tend to celebrate each Ramadan as if it were their last in order to ensure that God will pardon them for any sins they have committed.

For the fasting to be valid, a serious intention, or niyyah, must be made to fast and adhere to the laws surrounding the fast. The commitment must be made each day before dawn. The fast will be considered to be nullified if one eats or drinks, intentionally vomits, has sexual intercourse or has menstrual or childbirth bleeding, according to Mohamed Baianonie, former imam of the Islamic Center of Raleigh, North Carolina. If the fast is broken, the fast must be made up for at a later date. According to Sodiq, as long as one’s fast is not broken intentionally, God will forgive the individual.

In some Muslim communities, there is a growing stigma associated with eating in public, according to Pohl, due an increase in public awareness and piety. In addition to fasting, piety is also measured by participation in other practices, including the five daily prayers; and engaging in zakat, or acts of kindness and charity. 

Breaking the fast

Muslims intending to fast wake up early and eat a light meal, known as suhoor, before dawn. Suhoor is typically consumed about half an hour before dawn, in time for the fajr, or morning, prayer, according to the IslamiCity news website. After the sun fully sets at the end of each day, the person typically breaks his or her fast with water and dates, followed by prayers and then a meal called iftar.

Many mosques around the world host interfaith celebrations to break the fast, according to Pohl. This allows everyone to reflect on shared experiences within their own traditions involving fasting, including spiritual growth and social responsibility. «On several occasions,» Pohl said, «I have had Christian participants in these events tell me that they have regained an appreciation and deeper understanding of similar practices in their own faith traditions, such as during the Advent season or Lent.»

At the end of Ramadan, a three-day spiritual celebration known as Eid al-Fitr occurs. During this time, Muslims rejoice in the completion of the fast. Family members and friends gather to share in feasts and prayers. During Eid al-Fitr, it is customary to donate to the poor and disadvantaged. During the three days, Muslims attend prayers in the morning, and then visit family, friends, neighbors, the sick and the elderly. Feasts are shared with family and friends and small gifts are given; it’s socially similar to Christmas in the United States, according to Pohl.

Additional resources

  • Beliefnet: What Is Ramadan?
  • Islamic Network Groups: Ramadan Information Sheet
  • National Geographic Kids: Celebrating Ramadan (opens in new tab)

Rachel Ross is a science writer and editor focusing on astronomy, Earth science, physical science and math. She holds a Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy from the University of California Davis and a Master’s degree in astronomy from James Cook University. She also has a certificate in science writing from Stanford University. Prior to becoming a science writer, Rachel worked at the Las Cumbres Observatory in California, where she specialized in education and outreach, supplemented with science research and telescope operations. While studying for her undergraduate degree, Rachel also taught an introduction to astronomy lab and worked with a research astronomer. 

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ramadan — перевод на русский

His new girl is Albert’s old girl. I arrested him during the last Ramadan.

Раньше она была с Альбертом, но я его арестовал в прошлый Рамадан.

Muslims are making their pilgrimage to Jerusalem for Ramadan.

В этом месяце приняты повышенные меры безопасности. В Иерусалиме Рамадан, прибывают мусульмане.

Jews will get Hanukah and Passover, Christians will get Christmas and Easter and Muslims will have Ramadan and that other holiday, Kaboom.

У евреев будет Ханука и Песах, у христиан будет Рождество и Пасха, у мусульман будет Рамадан и ещё один праздник, Ба-бах.

— Spotty chin-skin or Ramadan?

— Тебе что налить — Спотти чин-скин или Рамадан?

Saben that the Muslims they train his children from the 5 years of age to ayunar during the month of the Ramadan?

Знаете ли вы, что мусульмане приучают своих детей с пятилетнего возраста поститься во время месяца Рамадан?

Показать ещё примеры для «рамадан»…

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Translation of «рамадан» into English


Ramadan, ramadan, Ramadan are the top translations of «рамадан» into English.
Sample translated sentence: Однако эта встреча не произошла, поскольку она совпала с окончанием месяца рамадан. ↔ However, that meeting had never taken place because it had coincided with the end of Ramadan.

рамадан



noun
существительное мужского рода


grammar


  • holy ninth month of Islamic lunar calendar
    [..]

    Однако эта встреча не произошла, поскольку она совпала с окончанием месяца рамадан.

    However, that meeting had never taken place because it had coincided with the end of Ramadan.

  • ramadan

    Однако эта встреча не произошла, поскольку она совпала с окончанием месяца рамадан.

    However, that meeting had never taken place because it had coincided with the end of Ramadan.

  • Glosbe

  • Google


  • The holy ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar (the Hijra), during which Muslims fast between sunrise and sunset; they also refrain from smoking and sexual relations.

    20 июля начался Рамадан, девятый месяц мусульманского календаря.

    Ramadan, the ninth month in the Islamic calendar has just begun.

  • Tariq Ramadan

  • Happy Ramadan

  • Taha Yassin Ramadan

  • Happy Ramadan

Европейский союз приветствует принятие Генеральным комитетом общего единообразного подхода, в соответствии с которым все главные комитеты учтут празднование Рамадана при организации своей работы

The European Union welcomed the adoption by the General Committee of a general uniform approach whereby all the Main Committees would take Ramadan into consideration in the organization of their work

В преддверии Хаджа (паломничества в Мекку, Королевство Саудовской Аравии), который состоится в начале ноября, и Рамадана, отмечаемого в начале августа, начинается перемещение паломников в Западной и Центральной Африке, что еще более усиливает риск распространения полиомиелита.

With the Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) expected to begin in early November and Ramadan in early August, it is anticipated that pilgrims are now beginning to move across west and central Africa, further increasing the risk of polio spread.

Кроме того, король Саудовской Аравии Абдулла устраивал встречу-завтрак во время Рамадана между афганским правительством и представителями Талибана.

Moreover, King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia hosted a Ramadan breakfast for the Afghan government and Taliban representatives.

Есть также свидетельство солдата-женщины Линди Ингленд о том, что узников мужчин заставляли мастурбировать, а также служебная записка ФБР, в которой высказывался протест против «крайне агрессивной техники допроса». В служебной записке приводятся слова следователя-женщины, которая втирала лосьон в кожу прикованного задержанного и шептала ему на ухо – во время Рамадана, когда сексуальный контакт с незнакомой женщиной является наиболее порицаемым – а затем неожиданно заламывала его пальцы, пока он не начинал корчиться от боли, и яростно сжимала его гениталии.

There is also the testimony by female soldiers such as Lynndie England about compelling male prisoners to masturbate, as well as an FBI memo objecting to a policy of “highly aggressive interrogation techniques.”

Ислам предписывает воздерживаться от приема пищи и жидкости в течение светового дня на протяжении месяца рамадан.

Islam prescribes refrain from taking food and liquid during daylight days during the month of Ramadan.

Ты не получил их последние открытки на Рамадан, потому что они переехали в Гитмо.

In case you didn’t get their last Ramadan card, they’ve since moved to Gitmo.

До прихода отца и Тарика Рамадана мы сидели одни с матерью в зале.

Before Father and Tariq returned I found myself alone with Mother.

В октябре Четвертая иракская армейская дивизия запланировала, скоординировала и провела операцию под иракским контролем на дивизионном уровне в Киркуке в ответ на резкий всплеск нападений с использованием импровизированных взрывных устройств на автомобилях непосредственно накануне Рамадана, во время и после него

In October, the Fourth Iraqi Army division planned, coordinated and executed an Iraqi-controlled division-level operation in Kirkuk in response to the spike of vehicle-borne improvised explosive devise attacks just prior to and during Ramadan

Утренние заседания будут проводиться с 10 ч. 00 м. до 13 ч. 00 м., а дневные — с 15 ч. 00 м. до 18 ч. 00 м., за исключением последней недели месяца рамадана, с 31 октября по 4 ноября.

Morning meetings will be held from 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. and afternoon meetings from 3 p.m. to 6 p.m., except for the final week of the month of Ramadan, from 31 October to 4 November.

Одновременно хочу отметить, что делегациям следует обратить внимание на то, что Генеральный комитет рекомендовал Генеральной Ассамблее, чтобы в последние две недели рамадана, с # по # ноября # года, пленарные заседания и заседания главных комитетов проводились с # ч # м. до # ч # м. и с # ч # м. самое позднее до # ч # м

On a related matter, delegations should note that the General Committee recommended to the General Assembly that during the final two weeks of Ramadan, from # to # ovember # the hours of plenary meetings and meetings of the Main Committees should be from # a.m. to # p.m. and from # p.m. to # p.m. at the latest

Финансирование работы пекарен для раздачи хлеба малоимущим семьям во время Рамадана в Газе

Financing bakeries to distribute bread for poor families during Ramadan in Gaza

Говорил, что пусть пройдет Рамадан, пройдет праздник тогда и попросим руки девушки?

Didn’t I tell you that we will ask for her hand in marriage after Ramazan?

Рамадан празднуется в девятый месяц исламского года.

Ramadan is celebrated in the ninth month of the Islamic year.

Г-н Рамадан (Ливан) говорит, что основная цель первого Десятилетия Организации Объединенных Наций по борьбе за ликвидацию бедности и Декларации тысячелетия заключается в сокращении вдвое к # году количества лиц, уровень дохода которых ниже одного доллара США в день, и что она, как представляется, далека от достижения, а то и вообще ее невозможно достичь в таких регионах, как африканские страны к югу от Сахары

Mr. Ramadan (Lebanon) said that attaining the goal of the first United Nations Decade for the Eradication of Poverty and the Millennium Declaration to halve by # the proportion of the world’s people whose income was less than one dollar a day seemed unlikely, and in such regions as sub-Saharan Africa even impossible

В случае профессора Рамадана и многих других, правительство использует законы об иммиграции, чтобы клеймить и выгонять из страны её критиков, и подвергнуть цензуре и управлять идеями, которые могут услышать американцы.

In Professor Ramadan’s case and many others, the government is using immigration laws to stigmatize and exclude its critics and to censor and control the ideas that Americans can hear.

В целом, социально-религиозная культура Рамадана, возможно, поможет «Братьям-мусульманам» поддержать мобилизацию своих сторонников в течение некоторого времени.

Overall, the socio-religious culture of Ramadan can help keep the Brotherhood’s mobilization of its supporters alive for a while.

Он рассказал также об инициативе ОИК провести в Макке аль-Мукарраме во время священного месяца рамадана совещание религиозных лидеров шиитов и суннитов Ирака, с тем чтобы попытаться предотвратить кровопролитие и способствовать сплочению шиитов и суннитов в совместной деятельности ради будущего процветания их страны.

He also informed about OIC’s initiative to host a meeting of religious leaders from the Shiite and Sunni sects in Iraq in Makkah Al Mukarrammah during the holy month of Ramadan, which would seek to prevent the bloodshed and encourage the togetherness of Shiites and Sunnis in working towards a prosperous future for their country.

Этим вечером на безоблачном небе появилась молодая луна, начался священный месяц Рамадан.

THAT NIGHT, THE NEW moon was sighted in a cloudless sky, and the holy month of Ramadan began.

октября премьер-министр аль-Малики объявил о заключенном во время Рамадана соглашении из четырех пунктов, которое было поддержано основными политическими партиями

On # ctober, Prime Minister Al-Maliki announced a four-point Ramadan accord, which was supported by major political parties

– Мне кажется, что Константинополь интереснее наблюдать как раз в рамадан.

I think that Constantinople is best worth visiting during this period of the Ramadan.

«Pastover») как пародию на Пасху и Песах, а также «Рамендан» как пародию на мусульманский Рамадан.

Pastafarians also celebrate «Pastover» as a parody of Passover, and «Ramendan» as a parody of Ramadan.

Да, известны случаи, когда мусульманские страны воевали друг с другом даже во время Рамадана, однако мы не должны упускать из виду тот факт, что эта война ведется не между мусульманскими странами

Yes, Muslim countries have been known to wage war with one another even during the month of Ramadan, but we should not lose sight of the fact that this war is not between Muslim countries

Руководители пенитенциарных заведений обязаны удовлетворять просьбы заключенных, исповедующих ислам, особенно в период рамадана.

In this case, prison staff are obliged to satisfy the requests of detainees of the Islamic faith, in particular during the period of Ramadan.

Строгость Рамадана внезапно сменили излишества Ид уль-фитр — праздника разговения.

The severity of Ramadan was suddenly replaced by the excess of the Eid celebration.

12 января при попытке проникнуть на территорию Израиля через пролом в стене вблизи поселка Аль-Рамадан выстрелом в спину был застрелен безоружный палестинец в возрасте 21 года.

On 12 January, an unarmed 21-year-old Palestinian man was shot in the back and killed while attempting to enter Israel through a gap in the Wall near the village of al‐Ramadin.

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рамадан

  • 1
    рамадан

    Русско-английский синонимический словарь > рамадан

  • 2
    Рамадан

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Рамадан

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    рамадан

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > рамадан

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    рамадан

    Русско-английский словарь Wiktionary > рамадан

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    рамадан

    Русско-английский словарь религиозной лексики > рамадан

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    рамадан

    Новый большой русско-английский словарь > рамадан

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    рамадан

    Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > рамадан

  • 8
    соблюдение поста в месяц Рамадан

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > соблюдение поста в месяц Рамадан

  • 9
    ид аль-фитр

    Русско-английский словарь религиозной лексики > ид аль-фитр

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    рамазан

    Новый большой русско-английский словарь > рамазан

См. также в других словарях:

  • Рамадан — девятый и самый возвышенный месяц мусульманского лунного календаря. [См. Хиджра (II)]. Месяц Рамадан является священным. В этом месяце был ниспослан Коран. Также в месяце Рамадан все мусульмане соблюдают пост (См. Саум), который является одним из …   Ислам. Энциклопедический словарь.

  • Рамадан Т. — Рамадан, Тарик (р. 26 августа 1962) франкоязычный швейцарский богослов, египетского происхождения. Родился в Женеве. Профессор философии колледжа в Женеве и профессор Ислама в университете Фрибурга (Швейцария). Журнал «Time» в 2000 назвал его… …   Википедия

  • РАМАДАН — РАМАДАН, РАМАЗАН [арабск., тур., перс.] девятый месяц мусульманского лунного календаря (около Нового года). Согласно догмам ислама (ИСЛАМ), в этом месяце был ниспослан на землю КОРАН. В это время от восхода до захода солнца мусульмане соблюдают… …   Словарь иностранных слов русского языка

  • рамадан — рамазан Словарь русских синонимов. рамадан сущ., кол во синонимов: 3 • месяц (135) • пост (52) …   Словарь синонимов

  • РАМАДАН — см. Рамазан …   Большой Энциклопедический словарь

  • Рамадан — (араб.) или Рамазан (турецк.) девятый месяц магометанскоголунного года; весь этот месяц магометане проводят в строжайшем посте(орудж), вследствие чего в народе слово Р. употребляется часто и всмысле мусульманского поста. Начиная с того момента,… …   Энциклопедия Брокгауза и Ефрона

  • рамадан — и рамазан …   Словарь трудностей произношения и ударения в современном русском языке

  • Рамадан — У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Рамадан (значения). Рамадан араб. رمضان‎‎ …   Википедия

  • рамадан — РАМАДАН, РАМАЗАН, а; м. [тур., перс. ramazan, араб. ramadân жаркий месяц из араб. ramad сухость]. У мусульман: девятый месяц лунного календаря, в течение которого по исламским законам соблюдается строгий пост (с полным отказом от приёма пищи,… …   Энциклопедический словарь

  • Рамадан — великий праздник мусульман — 23 сентября (1 рамадана) начало священного Рамазана и начало мусульманского поста уразы (месяца очищения, обновления, возрождения). Рамадан великий праздник мусульман. Приверженцы ислама стран соблюдают пост, воздерживаясь от еды, питья и всех… …   Энциклопедия ньюсмейкеров

  • Рамадан (значения) — Рамадан Рамадан (араб. رمضان‎‎) девятый месяц мусульманского (лунного) календаря Имя и фамилия Рамадан мужское имя арабского происхождения, в переводе на русский язык означающее «палящий зной» Рамадан аль Бути (р. 1929) современный исламский… …   Википедия

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